[转载]直译和意译Liberal translation VS Free translation

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[转载]直译和意译Liberal translation VS Free translation

2024-07-10 07:20| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

直译和意译Liberal translation vs. Free translation

 

一、     直译:

1. 直译:在译文条件许可时,在疑问中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式,特别是原文的比喻,形象和民族,地方色彩等。(内容永远大于形式)

◆翻译家说:翻译像女人,美而不忠,忠而不美。

◆形象之说:中国对新出现的大批事物的突然涌现:雨后春笋。(气候);而英国多说:mushroom。(温带海洋气候,地中海气候)

直译=死译,硬译?(机器翻译)

◆Example:

句子:

1. But I hated him, and I had a feeling he’d surely lead us both to our ancestors.(我很讨厌他,感觉他会带我们去见祖先(中西文化中都是“去死”的意思)

2. Hilter was armed to the teeth when launched the Second World War.(希特勒在发动二战时全副武装)

习语/成语:

1.     To kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟(直译);一箭双雕(意译)

2.     To shed crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪(直);猫哭耗子假慈悲意译) 

3.     Chain reaction连锁反应

4.     Ripple effect连锁反应(涟漪反应)

一箭双雕之说:犹如中国人读章回小说一般有气势(鲁迅:直译应保持一些西方人的表达方式的“异国情调”和“洋气”)

但是,如果所有译文都用直译,可行吗?

◆   Example:

A:Your wife is really beautiful.

C:您太太太漂亮了。

B:哪里哪里。

C:where,where.

A:From head to toe.

C:从头到脚。

B:不见得,不见得。

C:not to be seen,not to be seen.

 

二、     意译:

1.     意译:译文准确表达原文的内容,但不拘泥于原文的形式。

=胡译?乱译?

◆   Example:

1.     Don’t cross the bridge till you get it. 不要杞人忧天。

2.     Do you see any green in my eyes?你认为我好欺负吗?

3.     I was not born yesterday. 我不是三岁小孩。

4.     I showed him the door. 我让他走了。

5.     She did not like him much, but if she went out with him, it’d be one in the eye for Kate. 她一点也不喜欢他,如果她和他一起出去,会让凯特很不好受。

6.     I want a man who will throw his hat over the Chindwin and then lead his troops after it. 我喜欢那些破釜沉舟,否不顾身的人。

7.     Elliott was too clever not to see(大智若愚) that many of the persons who accepted his invitation did so only to get a free meal and that of these some were stupid and some worthless.艾略特是个聪明的人,必然知道,大多数接受他邀请的人只是为了吃一顿不花钱的饭,他知道这些人,有些愚蠢,有些无足轻重。

8.     A woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle.

直译:没有女人的男人,就是没有自行车的鱼。

意译:女人用不着男人,就像鱼儿用不着自行车。

 

◆The translation should have all the ease of original composition.

翻译应该像原文创作一样自然和流畅。

 

◆   中英文翻译的不同:

中文讲究气势,喜欢短句,犹如读章回小说;而英文表达喜欢用长句,难句,(主从复合句)

◆Poem:

Dip and swing.                       颤颤巍巍

Lift and sway.                        颉之顽之

Dream a life.                         睡梦生涯

In a dream away.                      抑之扬之

 

Like a dream.                         睡中之梦

In a sleep.                          风中之花

Is the rose.                           蔷薇颠倒

In the wind.                          睡梦生涯

                                                                             (作者:郭沫若)

◆   Example:

No young man believes he shall never die. There is a feeling of Eternity in youth, which make us amends for everything. To be young is to be one of the Immortal Gods. One have of time indeed is flown - the other half remains in store for us with all its countless treasures; for there is no line drawn, and we see not limit to hopes and wishes. We make the coming age our own. “The vast, the unbounded prospect lies before us.” We look round in a new world, full of life, and motion, and ceaseless progress; and feel in ourselves, all the vigor and spirit to keep pace with it, and do not foresee from any present symptoms how we shall be left behind in the natural courses of things, decline into old age, and drop into the grave.

◆扫除障碍:

1. Shall:表示预言。

2. Amend for=making better

3. in store for:快要发生,必将到来。

4. no limit:没有极限

年轻人不相信自己会死。生命中有一种永恒,并能够弥补一切。年轻就像不死的神灵。生命的一半已经消逝,另一半蕴藏在即将到来的未知的世界里,有数不尽的财富,我们对它抱有无限的希望和幻想。未来的世界完全属于我们,无限辽阔的远景展现在我们面前。前途广阔,希望无穷,不断改变,日新月异,活力十足,进步不断,并驾齐驱。有朝一日,自己行将落伍,沦入老境,终进坟墓。

 

◆(中国人的思辨能力不好,喜欢“非黑即白”,要知道没有完全的对与错,只有好和更好nice and nicer,well and better.)

 



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